Cite Anything And Everything With APA 6 Reference Guide

• The author: 
  • The last name, followed by a comma, then the author’s initials. When there are up to 20 authors, provide surnames and initials of all of them. If there are 21 or more authors, use the ellipsis after the 19th (no ampersand); 
  • If there are group authors (such as on government websites), use the full name of the group without abbreviations; 

• The date: 
  • Include the date of publication in parentheses. The date could be only a year, year and month, or year, month, and day. 
  • If there is no date, place the abbreviation n.d. in parentheses; 
• The title: 
  • Include the full title of the work you’re citing. 
  • If you’re citing a work that’s part of a greater whole (a specific chapter, for example), first place the title of the chapter, then the title of the work in the source. 
• The source: 
  • The source can be a book, a report, even a YouTube video. Place the source after the title and include its relevant DOI or URL. 

• Books

If you want to cite a book such as “Doing Psychological Research” by Joseph Horvat and Stephen Davis from 1998, you’ll start by listing the authors in alphabetical order, then stating the date, and including an italicized title: 

Davis, S., & Horvat, J. (1998). Doing Psychological Research.

• Websites 

If you want to cite a website such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and its article on “Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine”, you’ll treat the reference as having a group of authors and include the website’s name along with its URL: 

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2021). Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine. 

• Articles 

When citing articles, you’ll need to include the author’s name, year of publication, the article’s title, the journal title, and optionally, the page range of the journal. If you’ve accessed the article electronically, you’ll also need to include the DOI or URL: 

Rahll, D. (2021, December 13). No, You Cannot Spoil a Baby. Psychology Today. Retrieved from: 

• Newspapers

When citing newspapers, you need to add the author’s last name and initials, the full date of the publication, title of the article, the italicized title of the newspaper, and optionally the page number: 

Stern, J. (2021, December 14). The iPhone Feature to Turn On Before You Die. The Wall Street Journal. 

• Video 

Citing videos from YouTube, for example, requires you to write the author’s name (if it’s known), their screen name in square brackets, the date of publishing. 

• Family members often chime in with their thoughts on how people are responding to and caring for their babies (Rahll, D., 2021). 

In case the author’s name is unknown, use the work’s title: 

•  The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine is available as a single booster dose for adults over the age of 18 (Comirnaty and Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, 2021). 

In case there are three or more authors, use et al. for all citations for sources:

• There are clear reasons why so many Americans pursue a college education; they not only acquire knowledge and skills that augment lifelong learning but also these undergraduate experiences usually lead to employment opportunities and enhanced income (Landrum, E., 2013, p.3).